Congenital Heart Defects Lead the List
The most common cause of heart disease in children is congenital heart disease — structural differences in the heart or major blood vessels that are present at birth. Congenital heart defects affect approximately 1 in 100 live births and collectively represent the most frequently occurring group of serious birth defects worldwide. Among individual lesions, ventricular septal defects (holes between the lower heart chambers) are the single most common, followed by atrial septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus (a persistent vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery), pulmonary valve stenosis, and bicuspid aortic valve. Many smaller defects close on their own or require minimal intervention; moderate and complex defects typically require surgery or catheter-based repair.
Other Causes of Pediatric Heart Disease
Beyond structural birth defects, children can develop acquired heart conditions including myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle, often viral), Kawasaki disease (an inflammatory illness that can damage coronary arteries), cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle), and primary rhythm disorders such as long QT syndrome and supraventricular tachycardia. These conditions are less common than congenital defects but require equally specialized evaluation and management by a pediatric cardiologist.
Reviewed by Dr. Pradeepkumar Charla, MD, MBA, FAAP, FACC
Pediatric & Adult Congenital Cardiologist — Congenital Heart Compass Medical PLLC
Last reviewed:
Medical disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for individualized medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified cardiologist for decisions about your congenital heart disease care.